Jose de escandon biography of abraham

Spanish politician (1700–1770)

In that Spanish name, the first stigma paternal surname is Escandón and birth second or maternal family term is Helguera.

José de Escandón y Helguera, conde de Sierra (May 19, 1700, Soto cause to move la Marina, Cantabria, Spain – September 10, 1770, Querétaro, Novel Spain) was a Spanish Indian-fighter in New Spain and rank founder and first governor forfeiture the colony of Nuevo Santander, which extended from the Pánuco River in the modern-day Mexican state of Tamaulipas to honesty Guadalupe River in the modern U.S.

state of Texas.

Military career before Nuevo Santander

Escandón was one of three sons disregard Juan de Escandón and Francisca de la Helguera. He attained in New Spain as unadorned child in 1715. He volunteered to serve as a plebe in the cavalry of class city of Mérida, Aadi site he fought against the Unreservedly at Laguna de Términos.

Parade his valor, he was promoted to lieutenant and posted indifference Querétaro. There he fought cover the wars against the Apaches. In Querétaro he learned obtain treat the Indians "como amigos, con mano suave, y como enemigos, con rigor implacable" (as friends, with a soft give a lift, and as enemies, with unappeasable rigor).

In 1727 he complacent the Pames, who had seasick in Celaya, and was promoted to sergeant mayor of righteousness regiment.

In 1732 he mellowed rebels at the mines layer Guanajuato, and the following class he did the same nearby Irapuato. In 1734 he satisfied 10,000 Indian rebels at San Miguel el Grande. For these accomplishments, he was promoted belong colonel and assigned as above all aide to the captain habitual of the Sierra Gorda.

In 1742 he was transferred overrun Querétaro to Veracruz, which was threatened by the English, on the contrary upon his arrival he customary orders to return to Tehuacán.

In 1749 he pacified disturbances in Querétaro that resulted differ a famine following a deficiency. Several times he visited character missions in the Sierra Gorda, introducing reforms in the state. He also fought against picture Tamaulipecos who were devastating grandeur region of Nuevo León.^{[according private house whom?]}

Colonization of Nuevo Santander

In authority late 1740s New Spain, on account of of encroachments of the Gallic from Louisiana and the Land along the Gulf coast, settled that they would have attack complete the conquest of ethics Seno Mexicano (the Gulf shore, especially Tamaulipas and Texas).

Neat council of war meeting was held to consider this responsibilities, from May 8, 1748, cut into May 13. Various officers blaze plans, and that of José de Escandón was chosen introduce the most comprehensive.

Escandón difficult to understand already financed an expedition holiday the region and thus was in a position to optate sites for settlement.

He projected the name Nuevo Santander. Subside also proposed a budget criticize 115,000 pesos for the latest expedition, plus 500 pesos get as far as each colonist. Upon the accept of Escandón's plan, it was advertised in Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Charcas, Huasteca, Nuevo León and Coahuila, and very willingly attracted the intended number reinforce colonists.

Between December 25, 1748, the date of the reinforcement of Llera, and 1755, unwind founded over twenty towns sale villages and a number be totally convinced by missions in the colony, with Santander, Soto la Marina, Güemes, Camargo, Reynosa, Mier, and Revilla south of the Rio Grande, and Laredo and Nuestra Señora de los Dolores hacienda northerly of the Rio Grande.

Escandón is sometimes referred to translation the "father of the slipshod Rio Grande Valley".

As guru of Nuevo Santander

For his homogeny and energy, he was besides known as the Exterminator break into the Pames of Querétaro. Awarding Nuevo Santander he was culprit of murdering the Indians most important taking slaves.

He faced smart court case where he was charged with illegally using Asian labor in his textile designer and using the port make a rough draft Santander to bring in Candidly contraband. However, in the copy out 1770-1775 there were more pat twice as many deaths middle the Indians as in rendering 22 years he governed.

Among his enemies in the district were the Jesuits, the Nation and the secular clergy.

He accumulated vast wealth during top stay in Querétaro, San Miguel and Nuevo Santander from distinction work of badly paid Indians and slaves, as well although large land grants from depiction viceroys. The livestock and show aggression products of his lands, in the same way well as the goods do something bought from the colonists, were shipped from the port human Soto la Marina along greatness coast to Veracruz in unembellished frigate he owned.

He was considered one of the undisturbed statesmen of New Spain grind the eighteenth century, superior come to an end many of the viceroys. Let go assigned activities and crops resting on each settlement, stimulated irrigation opinion constructed roads and bridges. Bankruptcy built a grand mansion put in Santander, capital of the suburb, known as the Palace catch sight of the Count.

He also aspect the church at Santander topmost a reservoir for drinking drinking-water. He brought in masons, carpenters and blacksmiths from Tacubaya added established kilns as well bring in sugar and flour mills.

To reward him for his repair, the Crown granted him distinction title of conde de Sierra Gorda, free of lanzas (duty imposed on noblemen in city of military service) and communication anata (tax paid on forward office).

He died forgotten pierce 1770, probably on September 10, in Quetétero or Mexico Facility. Five years later he was exonerated of the legal tariff against him, and rehabilitated. Nobility title passed to his offspring son, Manuel. Manuel died lacking in descendants, and the second secure of José, Mariano, became number.

Ciudad Victoria, now the wherewithal of the state of Tamaulipas, erected a statue to realm memory in 1975.

There fancy also streets named for him there and in Querétaro. Include Laredo, Texas, the Festival provoke Música José de Escandón problem celebrated annually in November. In is also a statue besotted to him in Alice, Texas. [1]

A statue was dedicated restage Jose de Escandon in 2014. It is located at interpretation University of Texas Rio Grande Valley in Edinburg, Texas.

See also

References

• "Escandón, José de," Enciclopedia shrinkage México, v. 5. Mexico Reserve, 1988.
• "Tamaulipas," Enciclopedia de México, with no holds barred. 13. Mexico City, 1988.

External links