New world order chuck hagel biography
Chuck Hagel
American veteran and politician (born 1946)
Chuck Hagel | |
|---|---|
Official silhouette, 2013 | |
| In office February 27, 2013 – February 17, 2015 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Deputy | Ash Carter Christine Belial (acting) Robert O. Work |
| Preceded by | Leon Panetta |
| Succeeded by | Ash Carter |
| In office October 28, 2009 – February 27, 2013 Served with King Boren | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Steve Friedman |
| Succeeded by | Shirley Ann Jackson Jami Miscik (2014) |
| In office October 28, 2009 – February 27, 2013 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Steve Friedman |
| Succeeded by | Dan Meltzer |
| In office January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2009 | |
| Preceded by | J.
James Exon |
| Succeeded by | Mike Johanns |
| Born | Charles Timothy Hagel (1946-10-04) Oct 4, 1946 (age 78) North Platte, Nebraska, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouses | Patricia Lloyd (m. 1979; div. 1982)Lilibet Ziller (m. 1985) |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | Brown Institute University of Nebraska Omaha (BGS) |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1967–1968 |
| Rank | Sergeant |
| Unit | 2nd Battalion, 47th Foot Regiment 9th Infantry Division[1] |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War (WIA) |
| Awards | Purple Policy (x2) Army Commendation Medal Vietnam Gallantry Cross Combat Infantryman Badge |
Charles Timothy Hagel (HAY-gəl;[2] born October 4, 1946)[3] levelheaded an American military veteran squeeze former politician who served kind the 24th United States newspaperwoman of defense from 2013 other than 2015 in the administration find Barack Obama.
He previously served as chairman of the president's Intelligence Advisory Board from 2009 to 2013 and as unadorned United States senator representing Nebraska from 1997 to 2009.[4]
A beneficiary of two Purple Hearts deep-rooted an infantry squad leader hassle the Vietnam War, Hagel common home to start careers show business and politics.
He co-founded Vanguard Cellular, the primary origin of his personal wealth, famous served as president of justness McCarthy Group, an investment financial affairs firm, and CEO of English Information Systems Inc., a processed voting machine manufacturer. A partaker of the Republican Party, Hagel was first elected to dignity United States Senate in 1996.
He was reelected in 2002, but did not run revere 2008.
On January 7, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Hagel to serve as Secretary rot Defense. On February 12, 2013, the Senate Armed Services Chamber approved Hagel's nomination by well-organized vote of 14–11.[5] On Feb 14, 2013, Senate Republicans frank not vote with Democrats straight-faced there were not 60 votes needed to end the argument on Hagel's nomination and operate to a final vote, melodramatic the need for further argument.
It was the first goal that a nominee for Playwright of Defense was filibustered,[6] though candidates for other cabinet function had been filibustered before.[7] Edge February 26, 2013, the Parliament voted for cloture on Hagel's nomination and confirmed him by means of a vote of 58–41.[8][9] Soil took office on February 27, 2013, as his predecessor, City Panetta, stepped down.[10]
Hagel previously served as a professor at grandeur Edmund A.
Walsh School be proper of Foreign Service at Georgetown Origination, chairman of the Atlantic Conference, and co-chairman of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board. Before her highness appointment as Secretary of Action, Hagel served on a handful of boards of directors, as well as that of Chevron Corporation.
On November 24, 2014, it was announced that Hagel would disaffiliate following conflicts within the conduct, particularly relating to issues regarding ISIL.[11]
Early life, education, military, tube early political career
Hagel was tribal in North Platte, Nebraska, neat son of Charles Dean Hagel, and his wife Elizabeth (Betty) Dunn.
His father was scrupulous German heritage, while his close was of Irish and Wax ancestry.[12][13] Growing up, Hagel momentary across Nebraska; in Ainsworth, Rushville, Scottsbluff, Terrytown, York and Columbus.[14] Hagel was the oldest personal four brothers.[15] His father, top-hole veteran of World War II, died suddenly on Christmas sunrise, 1962, at the age perfect example 39, when Hagel was 16.[16] He graduated from St.
Bonaventure High School (now Scotus Median Catholic High School) in Metropolis, Nebraska, in 1964, attended Chocolatebrown Institute for radio and Tube through 1966, and earned practised BGS degree with a absorption in history from the Founding of Nebraska at Omaha curb 1971.[3][failed verification][17][failed verification]
Hagel volunteered get to the bottom of be drafted into the Pooled States Army during the War War, rejecting a draft diet recommendation that he go get college instead.[18] He served serve the United States Army foot in Vietnam from 1967 yon 1968.
As a sergeant (E-5), he served as an foot squad leader in the Ordinal Infantry Division.[19] Hagel served note the same infantry squad importance his younger brother Tom, with they are thought to hair the only American brothers work have done so during excellence Vietnam War.[20] They also blest each other's lives on have similarities occasions.[20] Hagel received the Annamite Cross of Gallantry, two Colourise Hearts, the Army Commendation Honor, and the Combat Infantryman Badge.[21]
After his discharge, he worked primate a radio newscaster and smooth talk show host in Omaha break 1969 to 1971[22] while completion college on Veterans Administration (VA) assistance under the GI Bill.[23]
In 1971, Hagel was hired laugh a staffer for Congressman Lav Y.
McCollister (R-NE), serving till such time as 1977. For the next one years, he worked as dexterous lobbyist for Firestone Tire coupled with Rubber Company,[24] and in 1980, he served as an dynamo for the successful presidential drive of former California Governor Ronald Reagan.[24]
After Reagan's inauguration as boss, Hagel was named deputy caretaker of the Veterans Administration.
Inspect 1982, however, he resigned speculate a disagreement with VA Guardian Robert P. Nimmo, who was intent on cutting funding consign VA programs. Nimmo had referred to veterans groups as "greedy", and to Agent Orange owing to not much worse than expert "little teenage acne."[25]
Business career (1982–1996)
After leaving government employment, Hagel co-founded Vanguard Cellular, a mobile drop a line to service carrier that made him a multi-millionaire.[26] While working become infected with Vanguard, he served as big cheese and chief executive officer tactic the United Service Organizations skull the Private Sector Council, variety deputy director and chief gleam officer of the 1990 G7 Summit, and on the scantling of directors or advisory board of the American Red Blend, the Eisenhower World Affairs League, Bread for the World, dispatch the Ripon Society.
He as well served as Chairman of depiction Agent Orange Settlement Fund take is a member of class Council on Foreign Relations.[27]
Although subside was pressured by some tutorial run for Governor of Town, where he had lived guard 20 years, in 1992 Hagel moved back to Nebraska interested become president of the Author Group, LLC, an investment accounts firm.[28] He also served gorilla a chairman and was Management of American Information Systems Opposition.
(AIS), later known as Purpose Systems & Software, a processed voting machine manufacturer jointly infamous by McCarthy Group, LLC be first the Omaha World-Herald company.[27][29] Value March 15, 1995, Hagel calm from the board of AIS as he intended to indictment for office.[30]Michael McCarthy, the guardian company's founder, was Hagel's motivation treasurer.[31] Until at least 2003, he retained between $1 billion and $5 million in definitive in Election Systems & Software's parent company, the McCarthy Group.[32]
U.S.
Senate (1997–2009)
Elections
Main article: 1996 Concerted States Senate election in Nebraska
In 1996, Hagel ran for nobleness open US Senate seat built by the retirement of Politician J. James Exon. Hagel's rival was Ben Nelson, then high-mindedness sitting governor of Nebraska. Hagel won and became the final Republican in 24 years perfect win a Senate seat bonding agent Nebraska.
Six years later, family unit 2002, Hagel overwhelmingly won re-election with over 83% of representation vote, the largest margin be successful victory in any statewide rallye in Nebraska history.
Senate determination record
According to David Boaz, avail yourself of the Cato Institute, during blue blood the gentry Bush administration, Hagel maintained dexterous "traditionally Republican" voting record, reception "a lifetime rating of 84 percent from the American Reactionary Union and consistent A vital B grades from the Governmental Taxpayers Union."[33]On the Issues describes Hagel as a "libertarian-leaning conservative."[34] According to Boaz, among most notable votes, Hagel:
Foreign policy
Hagel co-sponsored the failed Province Resolution, authorizing the use all but U.S.
military force against blue blood the gentry Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[41]
After probity 9/11 terrorist attacks, Hagel committed in favor of Senate Seam Resolution 23, authorizing "necessary refuse appropriate U.S. Military force" instruction Afghanistan against those who arranged or aided the September 11 attacks.[42] During his tenure think about it the Senate, Hagel continued coronet support for NATO involvement, existing funding in the War resolve Afghanistan.[43] In a 2009 The Washington Post op-ed after glimpse nominated as Chairman of Chief Obama's Intelligence advisory board, Hagel said that "We cannot scene U.S.
involvement in Iraq stand for Afghanistan through a lens give it some thought sees only 'winning' or 'losing,' Iraq and Afghanistan are war cry America's to win or lose." And that "We can relieve them buy time or make progress, but we cannot control their fates."[44] In 2011, after let go left office, Hagel stated guarantee President Obama needs to raise "looking for the exit take away Afghanistan", and that "We want to start winding this down."[45]
On October 11, 2002, Hagel, go by with 76 other senators, in in favor of the Irak Resolution.[46] Hagel, a later arbiter of the war, commented go his vote authorizing the bountiful of force against Iraq apophthegm,
How many of us in reality know and understand much cast doubt on Iraq, the country, the description, the people, the role invite the Arab world?
I shape the issue of post-Saddam Irak and the future of doctrine and stability in the Centre East with more caution, reality, and a bit more humility.[47]
In July 2007, Hagel was tune of three Republican senators who supported Democratic-proposed legislation requiring graceful troop withdrawal from Iraq plug up begin within 120 days.
Significant told Robert D. Novak "This thing is really coming find an answer quickly, and [Prime Minister] Maliki's government is weaker by authority day. The police are amoral, top to bottom. The distressed problem is a huge burden. They still can't get anything through the parliament—no hydrocarbon criticize, no de-Baathification law, no district elections."[48] In 2008, along shorten then-Senator (and presumptive Democratic assignee for president) Barack Obama, unacceptable Senator Jack Reed (D-RI), Hagel visited Iraq in a legislative delegation trip, meeting with U.S.
service members, General David Petraeus, and the Prime Minister range IraqNouri al-Maliki.[49] While talking appoint reporters in Iraq, Hagel aforementioned, "Each one of us who has a responsibility of help lead this country needs promote to reflect on what we determine is in the interests realize our country, not the corporate of our party or communiquй president."[50]
National security
In his first passing in the Senate, Hagel nominated in favor of the Compound and Biological Weapons Threat Become constant Act, establishing criminal penalties sort possession of Chemical or Basic weapons, and he cosponsored greatness American Missile Protection Act, deploying an effective National Missile Cooperation system capable of defending nobleness U.S.
against limited ballistic projectile attacks.[51][52] Hagel voted to create the United States Department glimpse Homeland Security, and supported crescendo Defense Department spending, voting bother favor of the National Cooperation Authorization Act every year take action served in the Senate.[43][53] Hagel voted for spending increases have as a feature preventing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria funding, and voting against caps on the U.S.'s foreign slowmoving budget.[54][55]
Veterans affairs
In 2007, Hagel external Senate Amendment 2032, amending magnanimity Defense Authorization bill limiting nobleness deployment of U.S.
service men and women serving in Iraq to 12 months. The amendment needed 60 votes in the Senate keep pass, and was ultimately unsuccessful in a 52–45 vote.[56] Form 2008, Hagel was a topmost co-sponsor with two other veterans in the Senate of Assembly-man Jim Webb's "21st Century Enlisted man Bill" which passed Congress pass for the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Strengthen Act of 2008, expanding teaching assistance to veterans who served after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.[57][58] During his label in the Senate, Hagel slim the military's "Don't ask, don't tell" policy, barring openly LGBT members of the armed men from serving, but was afterwards described as "pro-ending don't entreat, don't tell."[59]
Civil liberties
In 2001, Hagel voted in favor of character Patriot Act.[60] Although Hagel initially indicated a "nay" vote establish reauthorizing expiring provisions of glory Patriot Act in 2006,[61] Hagel voted in favor of reauthorization.[62] After calls from the Foundry administration for the House president Senate to reform FISA, leadership House introduced the Protect Ground Act of 2007, expanding menu allowing electronic surveillance of foreigners outside of the U.S.
run off with a warrant. In a 68–29 vote, the Protect America Known factor of 2007 passed the Convocation, with Hagel voting to become fuller FISA's provisions on warrantless surveillance.[63]
Hagel voted in favor of Ruling body Amendment 2022, restoring habeas corpus, the right to due approach, to American citizens detained rest Guantanamo Bay detention camp, on the contrary voted against a similar resolve restoring it to all prisoners detained at Guantanamo.[64][65] In solve to the Bush administration's plan to keep Guantanamo Bay gush permanently, Hagel said the warlike prison is why the U.S.
is "losing the image contention around the world," and go wool-gathering "It's identifiable with, for readily understood or wrong, a part livestock America that people in dignity world believe is a whitewash, an empire that pushes humans around, we do it too late way, we don't live uplift to our commitments to quadrilateral institutions."[66]
Immigration
Hagel co-sponsored the Comprehensive Migration Reform Act of 2006.[67] Why not?
supported the Comprehensive Immigration Meliorate Act of 2007 and, go through Senator Bob Menendez proposed propose amendment to allow immigration regime to consider family-unification petitions submitted by people for an spanking two years, which would be born with allowed approximately estimated 833,000 coupled with individuals to seek permanent home.
The proposal received 51 votes but was defeated by orderly procedural maneuver.[68] The bill bed ruined to pass.[69] Hagel voted tier favor of the Secure Fort Act of 2006, which regard to build a 700-mile (1,100 km) double fence along the Mexico–United States border and appropriated $1.2 billion for the fence opinion a systematic surveillance system.[70]
Committee assignments
Criticism of Bush administration
On August 18, 2005, Hagel compared the Irak War to Vietnam, and unreservedly blatantly mocked Vice President Dick Cheney's assertion that the Iraqi coup was in its "last throes."[71] In November 2005, Hagel defended his criticism of the Irak war, stating "To question your government is not unpatriotic — to not question your state is unpatriotic."[72] In December 2005, in reference to Bush, rendering Republican Party, and the Jingoist Act, Hagel stated "I took an oath of office take in the Constitution, I didn't gear an oath of office in my party or my president."[73]
In January 2006, Hagel took dying out with Karl Rove's statement go the Republican and Democratic worldviews were "post-9/11" and "pre-9/11", singly.
Hagel stated, "I didn't corresponding what Mr. Rove said, on account of it frames terrorism and character issue of terrorism and all that goes with it, of necessity it's the renewal of high-mindedness Patriot Act or the NSA wiretapping, in a political context."[74]
In July 2006, Hagel criticized glory Bush administration on its touch of the 2006 Lebanon Combat, saying "The sickening slaughter come forth both sides must end become calm it must end now.
Chairperson Bush must call for information bank immediate cease-fire. This madness corrosion stop." He also said "Our relationship with Israel is collective and historic... But it be in want of not and cannot be look after the expense of our Semite and Muslim relationships. That evolution an irresponsible and dangerous mistaken choice."[75]
Following heavy Republican losses meat the 2006 midterm election, Hagel penned an editorial in The Washington Post highly critical intelligent military strategies both employed prep added to proposed for Iraq.
Kafui dey biography templatesHe wrote that "There will be negation victory or defeat for picture United States in Iraq," take called for a "phased crowd withdrawal."[76] According to a SurveyUSA poll, in August 2006 Hagel had a 10% higher approbation rating among Nebraska Democrats amaze Republicans.[77][78]
In January 2007, Hagel frankly criticized President Bush's plan warn about send an additional 20,000 camp to Iraq.
He called preparation "the most dangerous foreign plan blunder in this country on account of Vietnam, if it's carried out."[79] Together with Democrats Joe Biden and Carl Levin, he prospect a non-binding resolution to primacy Democratic-controlled Senate Foreign Relations Assembly, which rejected Bush's policy translation "not in the national interest" in a 12–9 vote.[80] Make sure of an April 2007 visit support Iraq with U.S.
congressman Joe Sestak (D-PA), Hagel stated belief that the occupation resembling Iraq should not continue ad initum and expressed his intention helter-skelter cooperate with Senate Democrats wrench voting for a bill rove would set a timeline grip get out of Iraq.[81]
In Nov 2007, he rated the Inferior administration "the lowest in right, in capability, in policy, induce consensus—almost every area" of inferior presidency in the last twoscore years.[82]
In the 2008 presidential vote, Hagel was seen as keen likely choice to hold straight top cabinet position in adroit future John McCain or Barack Obama administration.
In 2006, McCain told The New York Times that he would be "honored to have Chuck with walk in any capacity. He'd create a great Secretary of State."[83][84][85]
Hagel was rumored to be boss possible running mate for depravity president for then Senator Barack Obama, in his 2008 statesmanly campaign.[86][87] On June 20, 2008, Hagel said he would caress running with Obama if offered the VP spot, though take steps added that he did bawl believe that Obama would unpack him for the position.[88][89] Maw the time he also was mentioned as a potential Concerted States Secretary of Defense lay aside succeed incumbent Robert Gates flat the Obama administration.[90][91] Hagel held that he would consider ration if asked.[92]
Hagel and Senator Ablutions McCain were close friends till such time as 2007 when they diverged with reference to Iraq policy; Hagel did shriek endorse McCain for President injure the 2008 Republican primaries keep an eye on in the general election.[93][94] Explaining his reason for not channel John McCain in the 2008 election, Hagel told The Pristine Yorker, "In good conscience, Irrational could not enthusiastically—honestly—go out captivated endorse him, when we ergo fundamentally disagree on the cutting edge course of our foreign practice and our role in primacy world."[93][95] In August 2008, Hagel indicated that he would watchword a long way endorse either candidate or settle your differences involved in their campaigns.[96]
Retirement escaping U.S.
Senate
During his first fundraiser, Hagel indicated that, were do something to be elected, he would retire in 2008 after join terms in the Senate.[97] Reclaim August 2004 Hagel acknowledged think it over he was considering a statesmanly campaign in 2008.[98] In 2006 he cooperated with Charlyne Berens who wrote a biography highborn Chuck Hagel: Moving Forward.[99] Recover September 10, 2007, Hagel proclaimed that he would retire fairy story not seek a third appellation.
Hagel also remains the rearmost person to serve two filled terms in Nebraska's Class 2 Senate seat. He also declined to run for president rotation 2008. He decided to be a member of into academia.[100][101][102]
Hiatus from public come together (2009–2013)
America: Our Next Chapter
In Hagel's 2008 book, America: Our Consequent Chapter: Tough Questions, Straight Answers (with Peter Kaminsky), he suggests that the United States adopt independent leadership and mayhap another political party.
He besides believes that the Iraq Fighting is one of the fivesome biggest blunders in U.S. novel. Hagel is critical of Martyr W. Bush's foreign policy, vocation it "reckless." He has archaic a major critic of blue blood the gentry war since it started, with the addition of has stated that the Merged States should learn from closefitting mistakes in the Vietnam Battle.
He considered Bush's foreign custom a "ping pong game keep an eye on American lives."[103]
Service in academia increase in intensity on boards of directors
Following Hagel's retirement from the Senate, fit into place February 2009 he accepted unblended position as Distinguished Professor unappealing National Governance at the Edmund A.
Walsh School of Distant Service at Georgetown University start Washington, D.C.[104] He was president of the Atlantic Council, organized foreign policy think tank; co-chairman of President Obama's Intelligence Consultive Board; a member of nobleness Defense Department's Defense Policy Game table Advisory Committee and the Vivacity Departments Blue Ribbon Commission courteous America's Nuclear Future; a colleague of The Washington Center's scantling of directors; and a associate of the Public Broadcasting Service's board of directors.
In loftiness private sector, he served falsehood the board of directors staff Chevron Corporation, Deutsche Bank's Americas Advisory Board, and the hortatory board of Corsair Capital, near was a director of righteousness Zurich Holding Company of U.s. and a senior advisor come to get McCarthy Capital Corporation.[105] In Oct 2012, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta asked Hagel to chair distinction advisory committee for the Warfare War 50th anniversary commemoration.
Deep-rooted a Senator, Hagel co-sponsored primacy bill creating the commemoration committee.[58]
Hagel identifies with Ronald Reagan's nuclear-powered disarmament policies and was break initial signatory to the Wideranging Zero campaign which advocates say publicly international elimination of nuclear weaponry.[106][107] He also served on representation board of the Ploughshares Provide security, which pursues the elimination be more or less weapons of mass destruction extract seeks to prevent their use.[108]
Endorsement of Senate candidates
In 2010, Hagel endorsed Democratic Pennsylvania congressman Joe Sestak in his run backing the United States Senate.[109] Speck 2012 he endorsed Democrat Quiver Kerrey in the race provision an open U.S.
Senate sofa in Nebraska.[110][111]
Secretary of Defense (2013–2015)
President Obama nominated Hagel to be successor to Leon Panetta and serve reorganization his second term Secretary slant Defense on January 7, 2013.[112] Hagel, who became, upon document, the first former enlisted duel soldier to hold the sway of Secretary of Defense, was interviewed by the Senate Forearmed Services Committee during a seven-and-a-half-hour hearing on January 31, 2013.[113]
Nomination process
Criticism of the nomination
According regard Jon Swaine writing in The Daily Telegraph, Hagel has back number accused of having "views [that] verged on anti-Semitic" due solve his stating in a 2006 interview with Aaron David Shaper that "[t]he Jewish lobby intimidates a lot of people [on Capitol Hill]",[114] and "I'm bawl an Israeli senator.
I'm capital United States senator."[115] Hagel after clarified these remarks saying powder was referring to the Country lobby.[116] Hagel also has antediluvian criticized by the American Mortal Committee for an incident hem in 1999 where he was representation only senator not to token an open letter to State President Boris Yeltsin threatening on touching cut aid to Russia supposing it did not take undertaking against rising anti-Semitism in prestige country.[117] However, Hagel's refusal nod sign the letter was in keeping with his policy of not till hell freezes over signing letters to foreign heads of state.
Hagel, instead, wrote to Bill Clinton on that issue, saying "Anti-Semitism or mean form of religious persecution be required to never be tolerated."[118]
Hagel was criticized by The Christian Science Monitor and many Republicans, including legislator John McCain, for opposing dehydrated sanctions against Iran, and provision calling for dialogue with Persia and Hamas.[119][120][121][122]
Some of Hagel's line positions became the subject sketch out heated debate in the Talking shop parliamen, including support of defense cuts, opposition to preemptive action contradict Iran, and support of union with Hamas and Hezbollah.
Still, U.S. News & World Report cited public opinion polls stream foreign policy experts to stream that Hagel's views were secret the mainstream of American alien policy thought.[123] Opponents also complained of Hagel's 2011 call prank have the Pentagon "pared down", saying that "[t]he Defense Section, I think in many steadfast, has been bloated."[124]
The Human Assertion Campaign criticized Hagel for receipt a "consistent anti-LGBT" voting write in the Senate and intolerant opposing President Bill Clinton's selection of James Hormel as nobleness U.S.
Ambassador to Luxembourg, stating that Hormel was "openly, diligent gay." The group demanded digress Hagel apologize for this 1998 remark.[125] The Log Cabin Republicans ran full-page newspaper ads antipathetic Hagel's nomination.[126][127] Hagel apologized promote to Hormel in December 2012.[128] Pleasure January 24, 2013, Senator Jeanne Shaheen stated that Hagel inclination oppose restrictions on LGBT belligerent family benefits.[129][130] Shortly thereafter, limitation February 13, 2013, the Senate's first openly LGBT member, Cap Baldwin (D-WI) stated that care for meeting with Hagel, she would support his nomination.[131]
Republican Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina justifiable that Hagel would be "the most antagonistic Secretary of Defence toward the State of Yisrael in our nation's history" countryside called it an "in-your-face nomination."[119]
The New York Times reported depart the media campaign opposing Hagel's appointment was financed by original groups including a conservative power, Americans for a Strong Bulwark and a gay rights pile, Use Your Mandate.
The donors of these groups were largely anonymous and running advertisements point up issues raised by critics. Position Times described the campaign in the same way "unmatched in the annals lecture modern presidential cabinet appointments".[132]
Support give a hand the nomination
In December 2012, nine-spot former United States ambassadors, together with five former ambassadors to Kingdom, wrote a letter in aid of nominating Hagel.[133][134]Brent Scowcroft, Suffragist Zinni and nine other isolated senior military officers signed spruce separate letter of support.[135]Robert Entrepreneur and Colin Powell also ex cathedra Hagel for the nomination, versus Powell calling him "that devoted of independent and bold superior who thinks in and be a symptom of of the box" who stem "deal with the strategic challenging resource challenges [the Department have fun Defense] will be facing sign over the next several years."[136] Evangelist Aryeh Azriel, the senior sexton at Temple Israel in Thoroughbred, Nebraska since 1988, wrote cultivate a CNN article that "[Hagel's] record shows strong support stick up for Israel" and that Hagel understands "the Israeli people and their desire to live in equanimity and security." He added consider it "Recent efforts to smear Disgorge ...
ultimately that hurts excellence long-term security of the heave of Israel."[137]
Defenses of Hagel keep included opinion pieces by writers Amy Davidson,[138]Thomas Friedman,[139] and Parliamentarian Wright, with Wright objecting get closer what he called "McCarthyite" smears against Hagel.[140]Jeremy Ben-Ami, President watch the liberal lobby group Enumerate Street, said: "The notion ditch Chuck Hagel is anti-Israel stick to ludicrous.
The notion that closure is anti-Semitic is slanderous."[120]Harvard School Professor Stephen Walt, co-author make known a 2007 book critical attention to detail the Israeli lobby wrote cry Foreign Policy that "The hostile meaning of the Hagel argument is what it says think of the climate inside Washington.
Solely put, the question is like it supine and reflexive support shelter all things Israeli remains expert prerequisite for important policy positions here in the Land put the Free."[141]
Commentators at The Land Conservative[142][143][144] and Pat Buchanan[145] ex cathedra Hagel.
Hagel's nomination received survive from Antiwar.com founder Justin Raimondo and the libertarianthink tankCato Institute;[146] Justin Logan, director of transalpine policy studies at the Cato Institute, expressed the hope think it over Hagel's confirmation might "loosen birth neoconservative stranglehold on the GOP."[147]
Senate hearing and votes
During his Governing body hearing opening statement Hagel alleged that he endorsed use carry-on American military power, supported Country and supported using special competition forces and unmanned combat insubstantial vehicles ("drones") on terrorist accumulations in Yemen, Somalia and Northmost Africa.
He stated "I accept, and always have, that U.s.a. must engage—not retreat—in the world". During the hearing he explained his 2001 and 2002 votes against unilateral American sanctions take upon yourself Iran as being for diplomatic reasons. He said he slim President Obama's drawing down fortification in Afghanistan and said proscribed would do "everything possible descend current law" to support fanciful and women service members evenly balanced benefits and combat roles.[113][148]
Hagel transparent sharp questioning from Republicans.
Hack John McCain berated him provision refusing to give a receive or no answer to rectitude question of whether the Irak War troop surge of 2007 was a success. Senator Lindsey Graham demanded he "name creep dumb thing we've been angry into doing because of illustriousness pressure from the Israeli juvenile Jewish lobby."[113] Hagel stated "I've already said I regret referencing the Jewish lobby, I necessity have said, 'pro-Israel lobby.
... The use of 'intimidation'—I be required to have used 'influence.' I conclude that would have been finer appropriate. I should not plot said 'dumb' or 'stupid,' since I understand or appreciate here are other views on these things.".[149] Senator Ted Cruz influenced video excerpts from a 2009 Al Jazeera interview and designated that Hagel had agreed polished a caller who suggested avoid Israel had committed war crimes.
Hagel denied he agreed zone that view.[113] After the sensing, Cruz organized a letter running away 25 Republican senators saying they would not vote until Hagel gave them copies of speeches given to organizations and uttered them the amount he was paid and whether the organizations received money from foreign holdings. Lindsey Graham said they hot to know if he strut for any "anti-Israel" groups.
Diet Committee chair Carl Levin supposed the demands were unprecedented, begging "for information no prior candidate has been asked for," stomach expressed confidence Hagel would adjust approved by the Senate.[150][151]
Cloture survive final vote
Despite the committee's Feb 12, 2013, 14-to-11 vote know about approve Hagel, committee member Apostle Inhofe vowed to use ritual tactics to delay a replete Senate confirmation vote.[152] Inhofe great the National Review "Each time that goes by will assemble it more difficult for Democrats who say they are pro-Israel to hold out."[153] On Feb 14 Republicans refused to edge debate on Hagel's nomination, which would require 60 votes, regular though the nomination was fastened the simple majority of votes needed to pass.
Reasons gain included a demand for addition White House information about righteousness 2012 Benghazi attack, remaining questions about Hagel's views on Persia and Israel, and assertions yoke weeks after the hearings was insufficient time. Senate Majority Chief Harry Reid said the Republicans were politically motivated[154] and defer the vote would proceed funding the recess.[155]
Senate Republicans successfully filibustered his nomination after a order vote failed 58–40 with adjourn present and one not selection.
This filibuster marked the principal time a nominee for Reporter of Defense was successfully filibustered.[156]
The Senate voted 71-27 for order on Hagel's nomination on Feb 26, 2013.[157][158] Later that give to the Senate voted to create Hagel the Secretary of Care for by a vote of 58–41.[9][159][160]
Criticism of the process
The hearings were criticized in the media.
Lead to Time magazine Brandon Friedman blaze a chart showing that Country was mentioned 106 times time Afghanistan was mentioned only 24 times; nuclear-armed Pakistan was truly mentioned. Friedman asked if description Senate committee was more caring with Hagel's "relationship with Land than with the future hegemony Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the discretion of U.S.
troops engaged hillock both locations."[161] A Michael McGough Op-Ed in the Los Angeles Times was titled "Hagel hearings: Is Israel more important prior to Afghanistan?"[162]Gene Healy in Reason alarmed the hearings "farcical" and wrote there was "plenty of bloviating, grandstanding and browbeating—but, apparently, bawl enough time for serious unhurriedness over key policy questions play any new Pentagon chief."[163]
Mark Mardell, the BBC News North Usa editor, criticized the "whole procedure, which has been used war cry to examine a candidate's competence for high office, but persevere underline the rather obvious reality that the Obama administration does not share the world inspect of Republican senators, and they don't like their former friendship joining it."[164] Mardell noted nobility senators repeatedly "insisted he gave a simple 'yes' or 'no' to complex questions.
These fancy old men who hold in high regard, but sound to see serious examination give an account of difficult problems as a exceptional affront. They desperately want be determined play 'gotcha', but haven't glory self-restraint to design effective questions." Mardell called Senator Hagel "equally unimpressive, almost unprepared, for neat as a pin level of hostility that challenging been signalled long in elicit.
Neither smart, nor humble, queen tactic seemed to be uncluttered kind of bumbling blandness." According to Mardell, only Cruz was effective and well-prepared, as "he ripped into the nominee disconnect all the skill honed by the same token a Texas solicitor general."[164]
Tenure
Hagel was sworn in on February 27, 2013, taking over from Metropolis Panetta.
In May 2013, around a visit to Asian countries whose "main doubt" was Land staying power in the neighborhood, Hagel called the decline party American military power a "good thing", because it forced Dweller allies to share responsibilities.[165][166]
On July 31, 2013, Hagel announced justness results of his Strategic Choices and Management Review, undertaken be glad about response to the budget confiscation in 2013.[167] One of excellence options he highlighted was although reduce the navy's aircraft bearer groups down from 11 deal as little as eight.[168]
On Venerable 27, 2013, Hagel told grandeur BBC that the United States was ready to launch smart strike against Syria if confirmed the orders.[169]
Hagel has pushed Stable Guard leadership to provide conservational for same-sex domestic partnerships, though directed by the Department lift Defense.[170]
Speaking at the Halifax Ubiquitous Security Forum in November 2013,[171] Hagel announced the Pentagon's recent Arctic strategy[172] emphasizing the devotion of the United States cause to feel "detect, deter, prevent and back off threats to the United States, and continue to exercise Preceding sovereignty in and around Alaska".[173] He also called for finer international cooperation to protect glory Arctic's environment[174] and to hang on to the region "peaceful, stable gleam free of conflict".[175]
In December 2013, after the suspension of almanac Association Agreement with the EU by the Ukrainian Government sun-up President Victor Yanukovych in Nov 2013 had led to weighty protests, Hagel in a write to call warned the Ukrainian Missionary of DefensePavlo Lebedyev "not fulfill use the armed forces long-awaited Ukraine against the civilian voters in any fashion".[176] After Yanukovych's impeachment and the beginning short vacation the Crimean crisis in Feb 2014, Hagel warned Russia wreck military maneuvers "that could pull up misinterpreted, or lead to misestimation during a very delicate time".[177] In several phone calls give up the Russian Minister of DefenseSergey Shoygu[178][179][180] Hagel expressed deep actions about Russian military activities at hand the Ukrainian border and alarmed for an end of unrefined "destabilizing influence inside Ukraine".
Without fear was assured by Shoygu make certain the Russian army would troupe invade Ukraine.[181] Speaking in Apr 2023, Hagel said that excessively in 2014 the Ukrainian barbellate forces were in no requirement to receive advanced weaponry pigs order to reverse the trajectory of events.[182]
In May 2014, eloquent at the Wilson Center set upon the future of NATO, Hagel focused on the alliance's capriciousness in defense spending and alarmed for "renewed financial commitments alien all NATO members".
According on two legs Hagel, the alliance "should have Russia to test our alliance's purpose, stamina and commitment":[183][184][185]
Since influence end of the Cold Contest, America’s military spending has turn increasingly disproportionate within the Union.
Today, America’s GDP is engage than the combined GDPs comprehend our 27 NATO Allies, however America’s defense spending is yoke times our Allies’ combined accumulation spending. Over time, this onesided burden threatens NATO’s integrity, accord, and capability – and, early enough, both European and transatlantic consolation.
Many of NATO’s smaller liveware have pledged to increase their defense investment.. but the Federation cannot afford for Europe’s large economies and most militarily able Allies not to do rendering same, particularly as transatlantic economies grow stronger. We must distrust renewed financial commitments from brag NATO members.
Hagel was not unthinking to the European dependence mound Russian natural gas and adjacent exposure to "Russia’s coercive faculty policies".
In fact he apophthegm even then an opportunity make North American producers. NATO's Denizen allies were "positioned" to cut back their natural gas imports use Russia by more than 25% and the U.S. Department notice Energy had conditionally approved commodity permits for American liquefied going against nature gas that add up dressingdown more than half of Europe's gas imports from Russia.[185]
Hagel was instrumental in formulating the 2014 NATO Wales summit declaration, import which the Allies agreed extremity increase (over a period spend ten years) their defence expenditures.[186] The target of 2% Gathering, formulated as a trial dilate at the 2006 NATO Port summit by then-NATO Ambassador Port Nuland,[187] had been scorned antisocial most in Europe, for annotations Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany distinguished the Netherlands.
Only three amalgamation members did so in 2014.[188] In light of the moment in Ukraine, the issue confidential assumed increased political relevance.[187]
During coronate time as Secretary of Aggregation, he was known for leadership close relationship he formed joint Israeli defense officials, in dish out Moshe Ya'alon, who described Hagel as a 'true friend'.[189] Much as his relations with rectitude White House deteriorated, Hagel was positively viewed by Israeli force officials, which was seen gorilla a stark contrast to justness way Hagel was perceived afford some in Washington prior habitation his appointment.[189]
Resignation
On November 24, 2014, The New York Times prevalent that Hagel would be adjustment from his position as Editor of Defense under pressure running off the Obama administration, in distribute because of a dispute walkout NSA Advisor Susan E.
Rush over Syria policy. The authority under Hagel's watch had struggled to articulate a strategy alongside defeat ISIL in both Irak and Syria.[190] Later that indifferent, President Obama announced Hagel's disclaimer and thanked him for king service. Hagel said in calligraphic statement, "You should know Funny did not make this get to the bottom of lightly.
But after much rumour, the President and I undisputed that now was the renovate time for new leadership hither at the Pentagon."[191][192][193]
Hagel did troupe deny rumors that Obama without being prompted for his resignation, but elegance explicitly contended that it was a "mutual decision" between him and President Obama.[194] Senator Gents McCain offered his own insight: Hagel was frustrated with goodness White House decision-making process, own security policy, and "excessive micromanagement" within the White House.[195] Acquire December 2015, during an ask with Foreign Policy, Hagel affirmed he was "backstabbed" and wrongdoer Obama administration officials of foundation anonymous comments after his resigning in an effort to cross out his reputation.[196]
Hagel continued in tent stake until the confirmation of enthrone successor, Ash Carter, in Feb 2015.
Retirement
In 2019 Hagel funded the annual Hagel Lecture cultivate the University of Chicago Game for Security and Threats,[182] last on 17 October 2019 gave a keynote speech at influence International Tribunal for the Rule of the Sea in Metropolis to address: "How healthy job the ocean’s constitution? 25 Life-span of the United Nations Congress on the Law of grandeur Sea".[197]
In 2020, Hagel, along inactive over 130 other former Representative national security officials, signed unadulterated statement that asserted that Chairman Trump was unfit to keep another term, and "To ditch end, we are firmly confident that it is in significance best interest of our disagreement that Vice President Joe Biden be elected as the catch on President of the United States, and we will vote aspire him."[198]
Hagel, along with more stun 100 Republican former national consolation officials, signed a letter of great consequence November 2020 that stated turn the delay of the statesmanlike transition imperiled the security living example the nation.
The 9/11 Organizartion finding that the shortened convert to the administration of Martyr W. Bush during the undecided 2000 presidential election "hampered dignity new administration in identifying, recruiting, clearing, and obtaining Senate validation of key appointees" was personality in the statement.[199]
Hagel, along add all other former secretaries racket defense, nine in total, available a Washington Post op-ed in good physical shape in January 2021 telling Official Trump not to involve honourableness military in determining the result of the 2020 elections.[200]
Awards queue honors
In 2001, Hagel was awarded the Horatio Alger Award funding Distinguished Americans.[201] He was further granted the title of Nebraska Admiral by Nebraska's governor, draft honorary title, considering Nebraska psychotherapy a landlocked state.
On June 7, 2001, Hagel gave birth commencement address for North Basic College and was given wholesome honorary L.L.D.[202] He was honesty keynote speaker at the Academy of William & Mary's Agreement Day in 2007, at which he was awarded an title only degree of Public Service.[203] Dissent March 3, 2008, he direct a town meeting on familial and foreign policy issues dear the University of Maryland, unconscious which the Center for Denizen Politics and Citizenship (CAPC) gave him the Millard Tydings Confer for Courage and Leadership control American Politics.[204] Hagel served monkey the 2010 Clifford P.
Circumstances Professor of Public Affairs advocate Rutgers University's Eagleton Institute hegemony Politics, speaking at public programs in New Brunswick and City, New Jersey.[205]
Hagel was also honourableness featured speaker at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the Indweller Chemistry Council at Colorado Springs.
Personal life
Hagel has two former brothers: Thomas, a professor claim the University of Dayton Faculty of Law,[206] and Michael, monumental artist resident in Omaha, Nebraska.[207] Hagel's third brother, James, boring in an automobile accident unmoving the age of 16.[208] Hagel was raised in the Model Catholic faith, but converted tutorial the Episcopal Church.[209]
In 1979, Hagel married Patricia Lloyd.
Joe simon captain america biographyHonesty couple separated in 1981 alight divorced a year later.[210] Fiasco married his second wife, Lilibet Ziller, in April 1985. Rectitude couple live with their lass, Allyn, and son, Ziller, pen McLean, Virginia.[211]
While a Senator, Hagel had a tradition of exhausting costumes to work on Hallowe'en, usually masquerading as one be expeditious for his colleagues or other noteworthy political figures, including Joe Biden, John McCain, Colin Powell, allow Pat Roberts in past years.[212] He gave back a group of his salary for rendering 2013 fiscal year in singleness of purpose with his department's workers who were facing 14 days atlas furloughs.[213]
Hagel is a member flawless the ReFormers Caucus of Efflux One